Praktek Jaringan Komputer

Step 1: Connecting the network

1. Utilize the first FastEthernet interface on the ISR router to connect to the last FastEthernet interface on the Floor 1 switch.
2. Connect GigabitEthernet 1/1 on the Floor 1 switch to GigabitEthernet 1/1 on the Floor 2 switch.
3. Connect GigabitEthernet 1/2 on the Floor 2 switch to GigabitEthernet 1/1 on the Floor 3 switch.

 

Step 2: Configure basic switch and router configurations

Utilize the following table to configure the ISR router, Floor 1, Floor 2, and Floor 3 switches.

1.      ISR router

Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname ISR_Rtr
ISR_Rtr(config)#enable pass cisco123
ISR_Rtr(config)#line vty 0 4
ISR_Rtr(config-line)#pass class
ISR_Rtr(config-line)#login
ISR_Rtr(config-line)#line console 0
ISR_Rtr(config-line)#pass class
ISR_Rtr(config-line)#login
ISR_Rtr(config-line)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
ISR_Rtr#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]

2.      Floor1 switch

Switch>en

Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname Floor1_Sw
Floor1_Sw(config)#enable pass cisco123
Floor1_Sw(config)#line vty 0 4
Floor1_Sw(config-line)#pass class
Floor1_Sw(config-line)#login
Floor1_Sw(config-line)#line console 0
Floor1_Sw(config-line)#pass class
Floor1_Sw(config-line)#login
Floor1_Sw(config-line)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Floor1_Sw#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]

3.      Floor2 switch

Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname Floor2_Sw
Floor2_Sw(config)#enable pass cisco123
Floor2_Sw(config)#line vty 0 4
Floor2_Sw(config-line)#pass class
Floor2_Sw(config-line)#login
Floor2_Sw(config-line)#line console 0
Floor2_Sw(config-line)#pass class
Floor2_Sw(config-line)#login
Floor2_Sw(config-line)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Floor2_Sw#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]

4.      Floor3 switch

Switch>en

Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname Floor3_Sw
Floor3_Sw(config)#enable pass cisco123
Floor3_Sw(config)#line vty 0 4
Floor3_Sw(config-line)#pass class
Floor3_Sw(config-line)#login
Floor3_Sw(config-line)#line console 0
Floor3_Sw(config-line)#pass class
Floor3_Sw(config-line)#login
Floor3_Sw(config-line)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Floor3_Sw#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]

Step 3: Configure the interfaces connecting the router and switches

a. Set the interfaces connecting the Floor 1, Floor 2, and Floor 3 switches as trunk ports.

b. Set the interface on the Floor 1 switch connecting to the ISR router as a trunk port. 

FLOOR1

Floor1_Sw#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Floor1_Sw(config)#int fa0/24
Floor1_Sw(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Floor1_Sw(config-if)#int gig1/1
Floor1_Sw(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

Floor1_Sw(config-if)#no shut
Floor1_Sw(config-if)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Floor1_Sw#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]

FLOOR2

Floor2_Sw#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Floor2_Sw(config)#int gig1/1
Floor2_Sw(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Floor2_Sw(config-if)#int gig1/2
Floor2_Sw(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Floor2_Sw(config-if)#no shut
Floor2_Sw(config-if)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Floor2_Sw#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]

            FLOOR3

Floor3_Sw#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Floor3_Sw(config)#int gig1/1
Floor3_Sw(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Floor3_Sw(config-if)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Floor3_Sw#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]

         c. Enable the interface on the ISR router connecting to the Floor 1 switch.

         d. Create and configure three sub-interfaces on the ISR routers FastEthernet 0/0 interface.Use the following table.

              1.  Set the encapsulation for each sub-interface.

              2.  Set the IP address for each sub-interface.

ISR_Rtr#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
ISR_Rtr(config)#int fa0/0
ISR_Rtr(config-if)#no shut

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
ISR_Rtr(config-if)#int fa0/0.20

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0.20, changed state to up
ISR_Rtr(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 20
ISR_Rtr(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
ISR_Rtr(config-subif)#no shut
ISR_Rtr(config-subif)#exit
ISR_Rtr(config)#int fa0/0.25

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0.25, changed state to up
ISR_Rtr(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 25
ISR_Rtr(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.25.1 255.255.255.0
ISR_Rtr(config-subif)#no shut
ISR_Rtr(config-subif)#exit
ISR_Rtr(config)#int fa0/0.30

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0.30, changed state to up
ISR_Rtr(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 30
ISR_Rtr(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0
ISR_Rtr(config-subif)#no shut
ISR_Rtr(config-subif)#exit
ISR_Rtr(config)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
ISR_Rtr#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]

Step 4: Configure a VTP Domain

Utilize the following table to configure the Floor 1, Floor 2, and Floor 3 switches.

a.Configure the Floor 2 and Floor 3 switches as VTP clients.

1.Set the VTP domain.

2.Set the VTP mode.

3.Set the VTP password. 

 Floor2 switch

Floor2_Sw#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Floor2_Sw(config)#vtp domain
% Incomplete command.
Floor2_Sw(config)#vtp domain SiteX
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to SiteX
Floor2_Sw(config)#vtp mode client
Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode.
Floor2_Sw(config)#vtp pass ciscoVTP
Setting device VLAN database password to ciscoVTP
Floor2_Sw(config)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Floor2_Sw#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]

 

Floor3 switch

Floor3_Sw#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Floor3_Sw(config)#vtp domain SiteX
Domain name already set to SiteX.
Floor3_Sw(config)#vtp mode client
Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode.
Floor3_Sw(config)#vtp pass ciscoVTP
Setting device VLAN database password to ciscoVTP
Floor3_Sw(config)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Floor3_Sw#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]

b. Configure the Floor 1 switch as a VTP server.

1.Set the VTP domain.

2.Set the VTP mode.

3.Set the VTP password.

            Floor1 switch

Floor1_Sw#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Floor1_Sw(config)#vtp domain SiteX
Domain name already set to SiteX.
Floor1_Sw(config)#vtp mode server
Device mode already VTP SERVER.
Floor1_Sw(config)#vtp pass ciscoVTP
Setting device VLAN database password to ciscoVTP
Floor1_Sw(config)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Floor1_Sw#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]

Step 5: Configure VLANs

Utilize the following table to configure the VLANs from the VTP server.

Floor1_Sw#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Floor1_Sw(config)#vlan 20
Floor1_Sw(config-vlan)#name Admin
Floor1_Sw(config-vlan)#vlan 25
Floor1_Sw(config-vlan)#name Management
Floor1_Sw(config-vlan)#vlan 30
Floor1_Sw(config-vlan)#name Finance
Floor1_Sw(config-vlan)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Floor1_Sw#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]

Step 6: Add switch ports to the appropriate VLAN

a. Configure the Floor 1 switch so that FastEthernet 0/1 is on VLAN 20. 

Floor1_Sw#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Floor1_Sw(config)#int fa0/1
Floor1_Sw(config-if)#switchport mode access
Floor1_Sw(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
Floor1_Sw(config-if)#no shut
Floor1_Sw(config-if)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Floor1_Sw#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]

b. Configure the Floor 2 switch so that FastEthernet 0/1 is on VLAN 25. 

Floor2_Sw#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Floor2_Sw(config)#int fa0/1
Floor2_Sw(config-if)#switchport mode access
Floor2_Sw(config-if)#switchport access vlan 25
Floor2_Sw(config-if)#no shut
Floor2_Sw(config-if)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Floor2_Sw#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]

c. Configure the Floor 3 switch so that FastEthernet 0/1 is on VLAN 30.

Floor3_Sw#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Floor3_Sw(config)#int fa0/1
Floor3_Sw(config-if)#switchport mode access
Floor3_Sw(config-if)#switchport access vlan 30
Floor3_Sw(config-if)#no shut
Floor3_Sw(config-if)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Floor3_Sw#wr mem
Building configuration...
[OK]

Step 7: Connect and configure client workstations

a. Connect PC0 to the Floor 1 switch via FastEthernet 0/1.

b. Connect PC1 to the Floor 2 switch via FastEthernet 0/1.

c. Connect PC2 to the Floor 3 switch via FastEthernet 0/1.

Step 8: Verify Connectivity

REFLECTION:

a. apa keuntungan dari menggunakan VTP untuk mengelola VLAN

b. sebutkan beberapa keuntungan dan kerugian dari implementasi VLAN

c. apa yang diperlukan untuk host pada VLAN yang berbeda untuk berkomunikasi satu sama lain?

ANSWER:

a.      kita dapat membuat, mengubah, menghapus VLAN dan parameter konfigurasi VLAN ke seluruh domain dengan menggunakan satu switch yaitu switch yang menggunakan mode server.

b.      Keuntungan:

1.  Mengurangi trafik jaringan (load traffic), karena dalam VLAN dilakukan segmentasi LAN menjadi beberapa LAN yang lebih kecil.

2.  Optimasi jaringan yang lebih flexible, karena pengelompokan user tidak berdasarkan
 lokasi fisik, tapi bisa dilakukan berdasarkan kesamaan bidang / pekerjaan / divisi /  departemen.

3.  Tingkat keamaan lebih terjamin, karena memisahkan user-user yang bekerja menggunakan data-data yang sensitif pada satu VLAN yang terpisah secara logika.

4.  Menghemat biaya, karena pembagian jaringan layer ke dalam beberapa kelompok broadcast domain yang lebih kecil, sehingga mengurangi jumlah pembelian router yang jauh lebih mahal.

5.  Memudahkan manajemen jaringan, dengan membagi beberapa administrator untuk tiap subnet.

c.       Kerugian:

1.    Kerugian mendefinisikan VLAN berdasarkan port adalah manajer jaringan harus merekonfigurasi keanggotaan VLAN ketika salah satu user berpindah dari satu port ke port lainnya

2.    Kerugian dari VLAN yang berdasarkan alamat MAC adalah semua user harus dikonfigurasi untuk menjadi anggota VLAN. Setelah konfigurasi manual tersebut, pencari an otomatis user sangat dimungkinkan, tergantung pada produk switch vendor mana yang digunakan tertentu.

3.    Yang dibutuhkan oleh host untuk berkomunikasi pada vlan yang berbeda adalah router

konfigurasi router statis

cara konfigurasi :

konfigurasi router 0
================
Router>en
Router#conf t
Router(config)#int fa0/0
Router(config-if)#ip add 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#int se2/0
Router(config-if)#ip add 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 ser2/0

konfigurasi router 1

Router>en
Router#conf t
Router(config)#int fa0/0
Router(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#int se2/0
Router(config-if)#ip add 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#int se3/0
Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 ser2/0
Router(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 ser3/0

konfigurasi router 2

Router>en
Router#conf t
Router(config)#int fa0/0
Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#int se2/0
Router(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#nshutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0 ser2/0

PC 0

ip address : 172.16.3.2
subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
def.gateway: 172.16.3.1

PC 1

ip address : 172.16.1.2
subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
def.gateway: 172.16.1.1

PC 2

ip address : 192.168.2.2
subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
def.gateway: 192.168.2.1

Virtual LAN

Perbedaan antara Jaringan Fisik dan Jaringan Virtual, dapat dilihat pada contoh berikut ini:

Siswa pada suatu sekolah dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Pada kelompok pertama, masing-masing siswa diberikan sebuah kartu berwarna merah untuk keperluan identifikasi. Pada kelompok kedua, masing-masing siwa diberikan kartu berwarna biru.

Siswa dengan kartu merah hanya dapat berbicara kepada siswa dengan kartu merah. Siswa dengan kartu biru hanya dapat berbicara kepada siswa dengan kartu biru. Siswa-siswa tersebut secara logika terpisah menjadi dua kelompok virtual atau VLANs.

Dengan menggunakan pengelompokan secara logika, sebuah pesan broadcast hanya dapat disampaikan kepada kelompok kartu merah, walaupun kelompok kartu merah dan kelompok kartu biru secara fisik terletak pada satu sekolah.

Contoh ini juga menunjukkan fitur lain dari VLAN. Pesan broadcast tidak diteruskan antar VLAN, pesan broadcast hanya diteruskan kepada anggota di dalam VLAN.

Tugas 1 : Perintah Dasar "Show" Bagi Router

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